"Gray Cat on a Tennessee Farm" / "Happy Land" / "Waterbound" / tab and video clips for Clayville jam session Saturday, Feb. 1 ** UPDATE x1 ** CANCELED DUE TO WEATHER

UPDATE Thursday, Jan. 30, 5 p.m.: This one looks like it could be a bad one. NOAA-Lincoln is now issuing the following winter storm watch for central Illinois:

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN LINCOLN HAS ISSUED A WINTER STORM WATCH...WHICH IS IN EFFECT FROM FRIDAY EVENING THROUGH SATURDAY AFTERNOON.

* TIMING...PERIODS OF LIGHT SNOW ARE EXPECTED DURING THE DAY FRIDAY. HOWEVER...THE MORE SIGNIFICANT SNOWS ARE EXPECTED TO OCCUR OVERNIGHT FRIDAY INTO SATURDAY.

* ACCUMULATIONS...5 TO 7 INCHES OF SNOW WILL BE POSSIBLE ROUGHLY NORTH OF A RUSHVILLE TO BLOOMINGTON LINE. JUST SOUTH OF THIS HEAVY SNOW BAND...A PERIOD OF FREEZING RAIN MAY ACCUMULATE UP TO A QUARTER OF AN INCH IN A FEW AREAS BY SATURDAY AFTERNOON.

< SNIP >

* IMPACTS...SNOW AND ICE COVERED ROADS WILL CREATE HAZARDOUS DRIVING CONDITIONS ACROSS THE AREA LATER FRIDAY EVENING THROUGH MOST OF SATURDAY.

It doesn't sound like anything we want to take a chance on. So I'm calling off our Clayville Pioneer Academy of Music jam session for Saturday.

But we have our Prairieland Strings dulcimer club sessions Tuesday, Feb. 4, and Thursday, Feb. 20 (weather permitting). Everyone from the Clayville sessions is also welcome at the Prairieland sessions. I'll keep an eye on the forecast (since they're calling for snow Tuesday as well) and get out a notice on next week's session over the weekend.

* * *

Blast email I sent out tonight to the Clayville Pioneer Academy of Music list, slightly edited for Web publication with YouTube clips added …

Hi everybody --

Our monthly Clayville Pioneer Academy of Music jam session is coming up this week, from 10 a.m. to noon Saturday, Feb. 1, in the barn at Clayville Historic Site. At last month's workshop we had a good turnout, especially considering the weather, and a great time going over some jam session basics and playing tunes like "Five Pounds of Possum (in My Headlights Tonight)." A big hat tip to Mike Anderson for stopping by! I was really impressed by how quickly everyone picked up the tunes, and how much fun we had playing together on different instruments. "Five Pounds" will be back by popular demand at Saturday's jam.

In fact, we'll be building on a couple of the things we did at the workshop. … Ip> I need to ask a favor! I can't find my list of names and email addresses from the workshop (this is really embarrassing), so please help spread the word about Saturday's session by word of mouth, especially to anyone who was there last month. Feel free to forward this email to anybody who might be interested, too. My contact information is in the signature below the three stars at the bottom of the message.

Speaking of Mike Anderson, there's still time to register for the discounted rate of $145 for his Winter Weekend mountain dulcimer workshop Feb. 21-23 in Chilichothe. Details at http://www.dulcimerguy.com.

Information on our tunes for Saturday below:

GRAY CAT ON A TENNESSEE FARM

The tune I want to highlight Saturday has gotten to be kind of a mountain dulcimer standard, but it's a classic old-time string band number called "Gray Cat on a Tennessee Farm" by Uncle Dave Macon of the Grand Ole Opry. … Dulcimer tablature, with the melody in standard notation and suggested guitar chords above the notes is available on the Dogwood Dulcimer Association of Pensacola, Fla., website at

http://rlwalker.gulfweb.net/dogwood/dogwood.html

To get to the tab for "Gray Cat," click on "Tab/Music Sheets" on the left, and when the TUNE BOOKS directory appears, click on the link that says "Click on Tunes -- alphabetic order." It's in the second column. The web address is …

http://www.gulfweb.net/rlwalker/dogwood/alltunes/Grey%20Cat%20On%20A%20Tennessee%20Farm%20(D).

… but it's a PDF file and you may want to go through the directory if it's balky downloading it. It's in the left-hand column of the TUNE BOOKS directory.

Some clips of "Gray Cat on a Tennessee Farm," as performed by:

Uncle Dave Macon. Uncle Dave was a former vaudeville and medicine show hoofer who joined the Opry in the 1920s and is widely considered its first star. His words to "Gray Cat," even though they're hardly ever performed anymore, are classic.

A dulcimer club. The Silver Strings Dulcimer Society of Garden City, Mich., gets it up to speed at their variety night:

A mountain dulcimer soloist. Randy Adams, who has adapted his own style and is taking the dulcimer in new directions. His only comment on the YouTube clip: "Uncle Dave!!" It's all he needs to say.

MORE DULCIMER TAB (w/ NOTES AND GUITAR CHORDS)

I decided to highlight "Gray Cat" this month when I was looking for the tab for "Five Pounds of Possum," which is also on the Dogwood Association website. There are a couple of other very cool jam tunes, too, "Waterbound" and an old camp meeting song called "Happy Land." You can find them in the same TUNE BOOKS directory as "Gray Cat" and "Five Pounds of Possum." I post clips of both to the blog, too.

• Happy Land http://www.gulfweb.net/rlwalker/dogwood/alltunes/Happy%20Land_DAD.pdf (left column, right below "Gray Cat")
• Waterbound http://www.gulfweb.net/rlwalker/dogwood/alltunes/Waterbound%20(D).pdf (left column)

THERE IS A HAPPY LAND

An old camp meeting tune from the 19th century, a favorite at all-day singings from The Sacred Harp and other shape-note tune books. Two versions below.

Sacred Harp singing at Liberty Church in Henagar, Ala. If you haven't heard it before, this is traditional four-part a cappella choral singing. The nonsense syllables you hear at the beginning -- fa sol, la fa sol sol and so on -- represent different notes of the scale and help singers remember the tune. The little girl beating time in the middle of the square is leading the song.

Athens, Ala., Dulcimer Jam Group. From their series of videos -- Mountain Dulcimer Lesson Series. "These videos are intended to get you used to playing along with a group," they explain.

"Athens," by the way, ain't pronounced too good down there. They say it like some town in Greece, or Georgia, or somewhere like that.

WATERBOUND

A fine old southern Appalachian string band tune, performed below by a band called String Theory from Athens, Ga., on WUGA-FM radio and TV. (See note on pronunciation of "Athens," above.) Tab is also available in the Dogwood Dulcimer Association directory (left-hand column, down at the bottom). The B part is a little different from the version we'll play. Everywhere I've been, it's played differently. But the A part, the part with the lyrics, is always the same. A fun tune.

Pete Seeger, May 3, 1919-Jan. 27, 2014

Iconic folk musician Pete Seeger, who kept performing as recently as last year's Farm Aid concert, died Monday at the age of 94. Today's New York Times deftly summed up his career: "For Mr. Seeger, folk music and a sense of community were inseparable, and where he saw a community, he saw the possibility of political action." The music and the sense of community and the promise of political action were inseparable. Adds the Times:

In his hearty tenor, Mr. Seeger, a beanpole of a man who most often played 12-string guitar or five-string banjo, sang topical songs and children’s songs, humorous tunes and earnest anthems, always encouraging listeners to join in. His agenda paralleled the concerns of the American left: He sang for the labor movement in the 1940s and 1950s, for civil rights marches and anti-Vietnam War rallies in the 1960s, and for environmental and antiwar causes in the 1970s and beyond. “We Shall Overcome,” which Mr. Seeger adapted from old spirituals, became a civil rights anthem.

As much as the banjo, Seeger's instrument was the audience.

Honing a skill he learned at labor rallies during the 1940s, he was a virtuoso of sing-alongs. He was still at it at the age of 90, as shown here with Bruce Springsteen during President Obama's 2009 inauguration at the Lincoln Memorial:

From the New York Times obit:

Mr. Seeger was a mentor to younger folk and topical singers in the ‘50s and ‘60s, among them Bob Dylan, Don McLean and Bernice Johnson Reagon, who founded Sweet Honey in the Rock. Decades later, Bruce Springsteen drew the songs on his 2006 album, “We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions,” from Mr. Seeger’s repertoire of traditional music about a turbulent American experience, and in 2009 he performed Woody Guthrie’s “This Land Is Your Land” with Mr. Seeger at the Obama inaugural. At a Madison Square Garden concert celebrating Mr. Seeger’s 90th birthday, Mr. Springsteen introduced him as “a living archive of America’s music and conscience, a testament of the power of song and culture to nudge history along.”

And this:

During the McCarthy era Mr. Seeger’s political affiliations, including membership in the Communist Party in the 1940s, led to his being blacklisted and later indicted for contempt of Congress. The pressure broke up the Weavers, and Mr. Seeger disappeared from commercial television until the late 1960s. But he never stopped recording, performing and listening to songs from ordinary people. Through the decades, his songs have become part of America’s folklore.

“My job,” he said in 2009, “is to show folks there’s a lot of good music in this world, and if used right it may help to save the planet.”

Even as he aged and many of his causes lost ground, Seeger never gave up hope. The obit concludes:

Mr. Seeger kept performing into the 21st century, despite a flagging voice; audiences happily sang along more loudly. He celebrated his 90th birthday, on May 3, 2009, at a Madison Square Garden concert — a benefit for Hudson River Sloop Clearwater — with Mr. Springsteen, Dave Matthews, John Mellencamp, Joan Baez, Ani DiFranco, Roger McGuinn of the Byrds, Emmylou Harris and dozens of other musicians paying tribute. That August he was back in Newport for the 50th anniversary of the Newport Folk Festival.

Mr. Seeger’s wife, Toshi, died in 2013, days before the couple’s 70th anniversary. Survivors include his son, Daniel; his daughters, Mika and Tinya; two half-sisters, Peggy, also a folk singer, and Barbara; eight grandchildren, including Mr. Jackson and the musician Tao Rodriguez-Seeger, who performed with him at the Obama inaugural; and four great-grandchildren. His half-brother Mike Seeger, a folklorist and performer who founded the New Lost City Ramblers, died in 2009.

Through the years, Mr. Seeger remained determinedly optimistic. “The key to the future of the world,” he said in 1994, “is finding the optimistic stories and letting them be known.”

Last service at Zion Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church, Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, N.Y., 1908-2014

Zion Lutheran Church (ELCA), 6307 - 4th Ave., in Brooklyn's Bay Ridge neighborhood, held its last worship service yesterday, Jan. 26. At one time New York City was home to the second-largest Norwegian community in the world, between Oslo and Bergen. Most of them lived in Brooklyn, and many lived in Bay Ridge, located near the Gowanus Canal and almost literally in the shadow of today's Verrazano Bridge.

Zion Lutheran Church [Google street view from *NYC-AGO website]

Zion was founded in 1908 as one of several Norwegian neighborhood parishes in Brooklyn. But as Norwegian-American families moved out of Bay Ridge, they were replaced by a multicultural inner-city neighborhood of Chinese, Italian and more recently a variety of Middle Eastern ethnicities. And, as happens with so many inner-city churches, Zion's congregation dwindled away over the years.

Founders of the church were my grandfather, Pastor Johan Ellertsen, and ___________. The picture at left below shows him in 1908, the year Zion was founded and three years after Norway became an independent nation [note flag in picture]. He remained at Zion until ____, when he left to take parishes in Minnesota and Massachusetts, and returned to Zion in the 1920s to officiate at the Norwegian-language services until his death in 1939.

Several of my cousins, Pastor Ellertsen's grandchildren, accompanied by several of their children and grandchildren, were able to attend the service and to sing a chorale, "Now Rest Beneath Night's Shadow" [Nun ruhen alle Wälder] with words by Paul Gerhardt to a melody by Heinrich Isaac.

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Click here to hear it sung as a congregational hymn in German by the Große Kreuzgemeinde [Greater church of the Holy Cross] choir of Hermannsburg in Lower Saxony; here as arranged by Bach and performed by the St.-Johannis-Kantorei choir in the Baltic coast city of Rostock; and here for background posted earlier to this blog about the secular song "Innsbruck, ich muß dich lassen" on which the chorale melody is based.

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My cousins have given me permission to post their pictures and descriptions of the event in this space, including one of Pastor Ellertsen's descendants who were able to gather for the occasion, including grandchildren, great-grandchildren and great-grandchildren, at left below, and one of his grandchildren, at right below. Four other grandchildren in Minnesota, Illinois and Norway were unable to attend.

"Yesterday was such a moving experience at Zion," my cousin Christine said in an email. "As John mentioned yesterday, our grandparents were there at the inception of the church and their family was there at its closing – like bookends. We have been given a rich legacy!"

I think the pictures hint at that legacy. I think they also show more Norwegian sweaters than I'm accustomed to seeing at the same time in the same place!

From an email my cousin Anne sent Monday (today) to family members:

We knew the church that John’s grandfather founded in Brooklyn was going to close, but the pastor gave us only a week’s notice that the final service was yesterday. John scrambled to let everyone know. Before the service folder was printed, John had corralled a choir of relatives to sing a chorale. We converged on Bay Ridge from NY, NJ, and PA in a snow squall. John found a stairwell where we could run through the music. Sounded good there!

Johan Ellertsen (John’s mother’s father) founded the church 105 years ago. I had him with me, tucked in my pocketbook – actually a picture from Cousin Peter on the tablet. Someone found a link with a living person, a woman whose parents were the second couple to be married by Rev. Ellertsen in the new church. All during the long service, I was very aware of this man none of us had ever met. Surely he would have been pleased with his living legacy. He had been a cantor in Bergen, a musical man with a beautiful voice. At the front of the church singing the anthem were three of his grandchildren with spouses, three great granddaughters, and several great greats. There were six great great grandchildren there, not all singing with our little family choir.

I’m not sure what brand of Lutheran this church ended up, but they had a ritual I’d never seen before. They put water in the baptismal font, blessed it, and had the bishop sprinkle the congregation with the water. Surely that’s as close to holy water as a Lutheran could get! It was meant to be a visual reminder of our baptism, and it wasn’t something that was done at regular services. At the end of the service there were prayers for various things such as the candles, communion set, formal record book of the congregation, etc. Everyone felt compassion for the 16 people who would be looking for a new church home, but the service was not maudlin.

We were invited to stay for the buffet meal afterwards. We tucked ourselves off to the side where we could observe the family reunion going on. This was a last gathering of many people who had belonged to that church through the years. Our kinship was merely historical. We noticed many Norwegian sweaters, showing the connection to Europe in a graphic way. …

I'm not sure it has much relevance here, but a letter follows that I wrote to Pastor Diane Wildow last week. Perhaps a researcher studying the history of immigrant congregations will Google into it in future years and find something in it of interest:

Yesterday I learned that Zion will be closing at the end of the month. I wish I could attend your final worship service since my paternal grandfather, Pastor Johan Ellertsen, was a co-founder of the church, but I am unable to do so on short notice. Please know, however, that you and the members of your congregation are in our prayers at this time of sadness and transition.

While I have rarely visited New York City and don’t remember ever attending services at Zion, I feel like it is part of my heritage and in some way I am a product of its ministry – even though two generations have passed by now and I am living a thousand miles away in Illinois.

My father, Birger W. Ellertsen, was baptized at Zion in 1913 and grew up in parishes of the old Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Synod in the Midwest and in Brooklyn. But his career took him to rural Tennessee as a young man, and there he stayed for 50 years. Therefore when I was growing up, there were no Lutheran churches we could attend; however, we joined an Episcopal church with a similar liturgy, and I grew up listening to LPs of Bach organ preludes and Reformation chorales along with 10-inch vinyl recordings of the St. Olaf Choir.

More importantly, when I joined a Lutheran church rather late in life – as my mother moved to Illinois after my father’s death – I began to recognize that some of the more important attitudes and ethical standards I grew up with had their origin in Luther’s Small Catechism. In a sense, joining a Lutheran church was like a homecoming. (In more ways than one! Several members of our congregation in Springfield are Norwegian-Americans from Iowa and the Dakotas, and at times we sound like the news from Lake Wobegon.) In the meantime, I am reacquainting myself with the rich heritage of Lutheran hymnody.

When Dad died in 1997, he left me his copy of Bestefar’s [Norw.: grandfather's] 1913 Lutheran Hymnary. When I retired from college teaching, I wanted to find out more about it, and that led me by degrees to researching the musical heritage of Scandinavian immigrants in the Midwest. We had more Swedes than Norwegians in our part of the country (and I married a Swede from northern Illinois), so now I am learning about the old Swedish-American Augustana Synod and its contributions to the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America as well. I have begun to demonstrate a musical instrument called the psalmodikon that 19th-century pastors used to teach four-part harmony singing, and I am working up a proposal on Lutheran immigrant hymnody for a historical symposium here in the state capital. I think there is a story here that needs to be shared more widely.

I guess what I’m trying to say is that I’m convinced that Zion Lutheran Church has touched people’s lives in incalculable ways over the years, not only in the neighborhood you have served in Brooklyn but also very indirectly at times, as in my case. I am grateful that Zion is part of my heritage, and I am sure it will continue to enrich people’s lives in ways that none of us can even begin to imagine for many years to come.

Again, you and the congregation at Zion are in my thoughts and prayers.

According to the New York City chapter of the American Guild of Organists the organ at Zion was built in 1937 by Geo. Kilgen & Son of St. Louis. Located in the back of the sanctuary, it can be seen in the picture immediately above. Details in another picture, not included here, show a hymnboard for the 3rd Sunday after Epiphany displaying Nos. 250, 7[?]3. 668, 451, 474 44[7?] and 229.

[* I obtained the Google street view photo at the top of this post, along with details about the organ, from the American Guild of Organists' website at http://www.nycago.org/Organs/Bkln/html/ZionNorEvLuth.html.]

I Googled into this Yelp review while I was looking for photos of Zion: It was posted Nov. 14, 2013, by Yelp user Bree S.: "I have volunteered here on several Saturdays when they hold the Soup Kitchen to feed the homeless and hungry. Let me tell you, you will not find more compassionate people than here in this church. Gene, Mary, the pastor, and everyone else involved are incredibly kind and caring. Returning back to volunteer after quite a while, I felt completely welcomed and like I revisited my long lost family. The staff knows the names of the people who come to eat and always welcome them with a smile. They are incredibly generous. Before everyone eats, Gene holds a prayer and asks the people if they have anyone in particular they would like to pray for. Also, the kitchen always has extra food to hand out for the more needy. Lastly, I would like to say that volunteering here has definitely changed my perspective on life and how I care for other people. Volunteering at the Zion Luthern Church has made me a more benevolent and selfless person and I thank them for that."

Mark Gilson -- Swedish tunes on mountain dulcimer

D R A F T

Mark Gilson plays American old-time, Irish, some northern European hummel music and Playford's English country dances -- especially Swedish dance tunes and marches. See his "Swedish Tunes on the Mountain Dulcimer," Mel Bay's Dulcimer Sessions Aug. 2006. http://archive.dulcimersessions.com/aug06/swedish.html

Hummels are zither-like instruments, usually with two or three fretted strings and several more strings which were parallel but unfretted and could be plucked for chords or strummed as drones. In Denmark, the instrument was called a humle. (One must remember that in the 1600's a substantial part of Denmark was under Swedish rule.) The word "hummel" derives from the German word 'hummelchen', a type of bagpipe named for a bumblebee, so one can picture the buzzing drone reminding one of the bee's hum. In Norway, the langeleik is a similar instrument but the frets are dramatically raised from the fret board. The earliest known langeleik dates from 1524. The bodies of most of these Scandinavian zither-family instruments are long and box-like, although there are some examples of more recent hummels with a heart-shaped body - just as contemporary dulcimers come in various different shapes. In addition, the Swedish "guitar" or cittra also shares the quality of having some of its strings fretted, with the majority of them unfretted. The cittra is still used in the music of Uppland which is also home to the nyckelharpa, a keyed fiddle which has much in common with hurdy-gurdies and makes extensive use of drones. These world repertoires of music which make such common use of drones always feel very natural on dulcimer.

And this, on modes:

I play most of my Swedish music in a GDD tuning, although I find ADD works better for certain tunes. The Swedish minor modes do not comfortably fit into Dorian or Aeolian scales, and other modal pieces often are played with neutral thirds on the fiddle. When they are reinterpreted by fixed pitch instruments, there is a tendency to switch between major and minor modes in such a way that makes them impractical on a diatonic dulcimer. Therefore, most of my Swedish and Norwegian repertoire is limited to the pieces in major (Ionian) or raised 4th (Lydian) tunings. The latter is more common in Norwegian tunes, but sometimes occurs in Swedish music from the border regions.

http://www.markgilston.com http://www.markgilston.com

14 CDs -- directory at http://www.markgilston.com/content/recordings.html http://www.markgilston.com/content/recordings.html

Dulcimer Hambo (2012). Purchase online from CD Baby!

Dulcimer Hambo is a beautiful collection of 27 lovely Swedish dance and processional tunes brilliantly realized on solo mountain dulcimer by virtuoso player, Mark Gilston.

The track list for Dulcimer Hambo includes: Dulcimer Hambo (My Hambo Has Fleas) 3:47 | Gånglåt från Rättvik 2:38 | Svingedans efter Mårten Sjöbäck 2:02 | Säckpipslåt från Norra Råda 2:37 | Polonäs från Sexdrega 2:56 | Gavels Ella (hambo) 2:52 | Gånglåt från Vigelsjö av Sten Blomström 2:45 | Polska efter Zuaw 2:30 | Norrbommens Polska efter Hjort Anders 2:08 | Slängpolska efter Byss-Calle 2:51 | Mora Långdans 1:24 | Mållongen av Gunnar Östergårds (hambo) 3:18 | Minne från Rommehed (polkett) 2:10 | Mungalåten 3:29 | Vals efter Tjäder Jonas 1:59 | Snurran (snoa) 2:46 | Steklåt från Särna 2:09 | Ten Crowns Polska 2:10 | Schottis från Haverö 1:57 | Polska efter Båtsman Däck 3:05 | Brudmarsch efter Florsen i Burs 2:03 | Polska från Åre 2:34 | Schottis från Idre 1:49 | Hambo på Logen 3:16 | Skålarna 3:56 | Vendelpolskan 2:20 | Långdans från Sollerön 2:04 | Total Running Time: 70:09

Also

Troll Road (2005). Purchase online from CD Baby!

This wonderful listening album features Swedish and Norwegian "spelsman" music played in traditional style on concertina and dulcimer with guest musician, Tom Gibney on fiddle.

The track list for Troll Road includes: Gänglät efter Olle Gustafson-Solne 1:46 | Slängpolska frän Enanger 3:27 | Brudsmarsh frän Leksands 1:52 | Polska efter Back Far 3:22 | Skänklåt från Dalarna 2:36 | Byggnaân (The Building) 4:06 | Barkbrödslater (Bark Bread tune) 3:15 | Troll Road (schottis) 2:38 | Skinnbracka med Lukku (hambo) 4:16 | Trollspolska (från Boda) 1:39 | Tom's Tune 1:58 | Schottis från Lindome 3:08 | Polska från Malung efter Sjunger Lars 1:53 | March from western Dalarna after Kalle Almlöf 1:52 | Schottis från Bingsjö 2:58 | Senpolska från Stöde 2:39 | Vandringen i Världen 3:21 | Springleik etter Ola åsen 2:45 | Polska från Föllinge (gammelvänster) 3:28 | Lekken Has Jo (springleik) 1:46 | Troll Ring (ringlander) 3:09 | Gammelvänster från Oviken 2:15 | Total Running Time: 61:19

Stig Wallin, Die Schwedische Hummel available on line (also an article on the nose flute -- Mike Anderson's fans take note)! ** UPDATED 1x ** w/ links to Mike's Winter Weekend in Chillicothe

Wallin's book is 123 pages long, with pictures, for those of us who have limited knowledge of German, beginning at p. 106 and transcriptions of Otto Malmberg's tunes at the very end. It's downloadable from a Wordpress blog called Ethnomusicology for all of our music at

http://allourmusic.wordpress.com/2013/03/05/wallin_hummel/

The website describes itself as: "Some good reading suggestions on the subject of ethnomusicology. Old and new. To those of you with similar material – share." (http://allourmusic.wordpress.com/about/). Journal articles and monographs, mostly in Russian (well, a Cyrillic language at any rate), with several in Swedish, German, Polish and English. One on "the Baltic Psaltry," which I take without reading it to be the kantelle and similar northern European folk zithers.

Multi-instrumentalist Mike Anderson's students and fans no doubt will be interested in Ernst Emsheimer and Cajsa Lund, Björnflockpipa och nässelpipa: Två traditionella folkliga blåsinstrument. It's not a word that has come up yet in the teach-yourself-Swedish book I'm working through this winter, but I'm pretty sure a nässelpipa would be a nose flute.

So, with apologies to Shakespeare, how's this for a bitterly cold January morning?

What's in a name? that which we call a nose
By any other name would smell as sweet.

Speaking of Mike Anderson, his Winter Weekend mountain dulcimer retreat is coming up next month ... Friday evening, Feb. 21; all day Saturday, Feb. 22; and Sunday morning, Feb. 23. It's $155 for intensive lessons with Mike and nationally regarded players Linda Brockinton (intermediate) and Maureen Sellers (novice) -- discounted to $145 if you register in the coming week, before Friday, Jan. 31 -- more information on Mike's website at

http://dulcimerguy.com/MA_MDW2010.htm

Chillicothe is on the Illinois River 15 or 20 miles north of Peoria (depending on whether you take Ill. 29 up from downtown Peoria or follow the bypass around on I-474 and Ill. 6 to Ill. 29 at Mossville). Some of us have stayed at the Super 8 motel on Ill. 29, and there are others in the area (to find motels, Google keywords "Chillicothe IL motels" and click on the map).

Backgrounder on Augustana Synod in MetroLutheran -- how is a religious denomination like a '57 Chevy?

Pre-story on 2012 meeting of the Augustana Heritage Association at Gustavus Adolphus. Headline: "Augustana Synod to re-gather 50 years after LCA merger." MetroLutheran is a monthly publication in St. Paul-Minneapolis.

Quotes the Rev. Wayne Peterson, pastor at St. Barnabas Lutheran Church (ELCA), Plymouth, Minn. “If we know our past, we know more about who we are in the present. … Knowing our family roots is important for our self-identity.” It adds:

The Augustana Synod thrived for 102 years and in 1962 merged with three other Lutheran church bodies to form the LCA. Twenty-five years later, the LCA became part of the ELCA.

Augustana’s influence through merger was substantial, according to Peterson. “Augustana had an outsized portion of social ministry,” he told Metro Lutheran. “While it only had about seven percent [in attendance] of the newly-formed LCA, it brought something like 30 percent of the social ministries,” he continued.

Lutheran Social Service of Minnesota and Ecumen — a collection of nursing homes and senior living centers — have their roots in the Augustana Synod, Peterson explained.

“The Augustana Synod had both a theological conservativism and [a commitment to] social action,” said the Rev. Michael Edwins, a retired pastor from the Augustana tradition. “The pietism, which helped to found the Lutheran Bible Institute, was outgoing, so there was no hesitation in admitting the sinfulness of the world, but there was hope because people who were sinful weren’t seen as bad; they just needed to be cared for.”

Also some good atmospherics on why 2012 was the last biennial meeting of the AHA:

The 2012 gathering will be the last, according to Peterson. “I’m 57 now and was seven years old when Augustana went out of business,” he said. “Most folks [in attendance] will be in their 70s and 80s.”

Arland Hultgren, Luther Seminary retired professor with roots in the Augustana Synod, said that most people think of Augustana like a ‘57 Chevy. It went out of business at the boom time of the Christian Church in the U.S., with congregational growth, strong youth programs, and a dynamic missionary presence, and so they have very positive memories. But the synod didn’t have to go through the turbulent changes of the 1960s, with assassinations, movements for civil and women’s rights, and the like, that affect today’s church bodies.

Granquist concluded, “Augustana went into merger at a time when all church bodies had a sense of self. People were loyal in a different way than today. There was a communal pride that led to support of church colleges, seminaries, and social service agencies.”

Peterson wonders whether the church today can regain the kind of loyalty that Augustana engendered so that 50 years after its end, people still meet to ask questions about the future.

Mark Granquist, quoted above, is a church history professor at Luther Seminary.

Springsteen, Jimmy Fallon skewer "Gov. Christie Traffic Jam"

Bruce Springsteen made a guest appearance on Jimmy Fallon's late night TV show last night parodying New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie's bridge scandal to the tune of "Born to Run." Christie says he's the New Jersey singer's biggest fan, but it's more evidence Springsteen doesn't return the compliment. Here's the YouTube clip of Fallon, who has considerable talents as a mimic and parodist, and Springsteen:

Bruce Springsteen & Jimmy Fallon: "Gov. Christie Traffic Jam" ("Born To Run" Parody)

Details on NBC 10 Philadelphia, which covers most of southern Jersey:

Jimmy Fallon got some help from one of the most famous people to come from the Garden State for his latest bit mocking New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie's traffic jam scandal. Music legend Bruce Springsteen joined Fallon onstage to perform a new version of "Born to Run," featuring lyrics about getting stuck on the George Washington Bridge.

The two, who were both sporting The Boss' signature "Born in the U.S.A." look, used music to address revelations that Christie's aides orchestrated lane closings on the world's most heavily trafficked bridge, apparently as political payback to a local mayor. …

But the New York Daily News reported some in the studio audience in New York City may not have appreciated the humor:

By the end of their parody, Fallon and Springsteen had the audience laughing and cheering, but maybe not everybody shared the sentiment on the "Bridgegate" scandal — towards the end, it sounded like they may have garnered a few boos.

Read more: http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv-movies/bruce-springsteen-jimmy-fallon-sing-chris-christie-bridge-scandal-article-1.1580143#ixzz2qUCGipak.

Later (Monday, Jan. 20). “I let Chris Christie know we were doing it. And I said, ‘The silver lining is Bruce Springsteen says your name,’” Fallon said … “I haven’t heard back yet,” Fallon added. According to Politico, which picked up the quote from the Chicago Tribune, Christie "told Yahoo in an interview published Monday that he didn’t watch the parody, but that he wasn’t angry about it and got a direct message from Fallon on Twitter saying it was all in good fun."

Fake it till you make it! (workshop Jan. 18 at Clayville)

Jam session tips for beginners —

If you have a dulcimer, or a guitar, banjo, fiddle or any other musical instrument you haven’t touched in years – or one you got for Christmas or picked up at a craft fair but haven’t learned to play yet – the Clayville Pioneer Academy of Music offers free workshops called “Fake It Till You Make It: Getting to Know Your Instrument and Playing in a Group” at Clayville Historic Site, on Illinois 125 at Pleasant Plains.

And we always have our "academy jams" from 10 a.m. to noon the first Saturday of every month. Most of us were beginners ourselves very recently, and we especially welcome beginners.

Each two-hour "Fake It Till You Make It!" workshop session will focus on basic jam session etiquette; how to learn a tune by hearing where the notes and chords are on a dulcimer; how to get the most out of online videos; and how to use the “three-chord trick” in order to play along with the group on songs you don’t know yet. While the workshop is designed especially for beginning mountain dulcimer players who want to learn how to play with other instruments, all instruments are welcome, and all skill levels are welcome. It's part of the Clayville Pioneer Academy of Music, and we're not about the fine points of technique as much as sharing our knowledge and making music with each other.

The first workshop will be from 10 a.m. to noon, Saturday, Jan. 18. Plans are to offer it again later in the year … updated schedules will be posted to the website at http://clayville.org/. Pete Ellertsen of Springfield, who facilitates the sessions, has studied mountain and hammered dulcimer at the John C. Campbell Folk School, Western Carolina University, Common Ground on the Hill, Mike Anderson’s workshops and Winter Weekend in Chillicothe. Loaner dulcimers are available.

Clayville Pioneer Academy of Music

10 a.m.-noon, Saturday, January 18, 2014

"Creolization and Creativity" -- Thomas Hylland Eriksen

Mélange, hotchpotch, a bit of this and a bit of that is how newness enters the world. It is the great possibility that mass migration gives the world, and I have tried to embrace it." Salman Rushdie, (qtd. Ericksen, "Creolization" 223).

Thomas Hylland Eriksen. "Creolization and Creativity." Global Networks 3 , 3 (2003) 223–237. Available on line at https://www.academia.edu/5091543/Creolization_and_creativity

[Publication Name: Global Networks -- a Journal of Transnational Affairs]

In the famous opening sequence of The satanic verses , where Saladin Chamcha and Gibreel Farishta fall out of Air India’s London-bound flight 420, later to be fished miraculously out of the Channel, Gibreel improvises an English translation of an old Hindi film song: ‘O, my shoes are Japanese. … These trousers English, if you please. On my head, red Russian hat; my heart’s Indian for all that’ (Rushdie 1988: 5). 1 In a later essay explaining the mission of his instantly controversial novel – burned in Bradford, leading to a fatwa in Tehran, creating a decade-long global stir – Rushdie offers his view of creativity, contrasting it with the cultural purism and fear of contamination he associates with the enemies of The satanic verses . The book ‘rejoices in mongrelization and fears the absolutism of the Pure. Mélange , hotchpotch, a bit of this and a bit of that is how newness enters the world . It is the great possibility that mass migration gives the world, and I have tried to embrace it’ (Rushdie 1991: 394). This view of ‘newness’ corresponds well with the perspectives on cultural dynamics and change developed in Ulf Hannerz’s œuvre for more than three decades, and although anthropological purists have never threatened with anything like a fatwa, Hannerz’s position is more controversial than his congenial style of argument usually betrays. Especially in his work on globalization and cultural creolization from the late 1980s onwards, Hannerz has powerfully argued in favour of a view of cultural creativity that is far removed from any Romantic vision of the lone genius inspired by his Muse and the depths of his cultural heritage. In the networked world of flows and movement described by Hannerz in two influential books (1992, 1996) and in a number of journal articles, newness appears as a result of recontextualization, mixing and ongoing, always provisional mergers of formerly discrete symbolic realms. This article is devoted to an examination of this view of creativity, hinting at its historical origin and contrasting it with a view informed by Romantic thought, which was probably dominant in twentieth century anthropology.

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Thomas H. Eriksen on cultural and linguistic creolization in Eastern Oslo [23-min video clip]
Part of a lecture held by Prof. Hylland Eriksen (Univ. of Oslo) at the Centre for Comparative Studies, University of Lisbon, October 14, 2013. http://vimeo.com/79899763

Eriksen is is professor of social anthropology at the University of Oslo. Wikipedia:

A considerable portion of Eriksen's work has focused on popularizing social anthropology and conveying basic cultural relativism as well as criticism of Norwegian nationalism in the Norwegian public debate. He has written the basic textbook used in the introductory courses in social anthropology at most Scandinavian universities. The book, "Small Places -- Large Issues" in English, is also used in introductory courses in many other countries, and has been widely translated, as has his other major textbook, "Ethnicity and Nationalism: Anthropological Perspectives". Eriksen is a frequent contributor of newspaper pieces in Scandinavia.

Obit and bio -- Johan Ellertsen, Aug. 15, 1874-Feb. 1, 1939

Norsk lutherske prester i Amerika, 1843-1915. By Olaf Morgan Norlie, Knut Seehuus. Google eBooks p. 477.

(at right)

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Pastors of the Norwegian Lutheran Synods, 1843-1927. Luther College Archives, Decorah, Iowa

SCHOOLS ATTENDED, DATES ATTENDED, DEGREES Hambro's Latin School 1894 - 1895
Stavanger Mission School 1896 - 1902
Luther Seminary C.T. 1906 - 1908

FATHER Bernt Ellertsen - -
MOTHER Ingeborg Sofie Petersen - -
WIFE Magna Schade 1910

SYNODS

N. S. 1908 - 1917
N. L. C. A. 1917 - 1928

TEACHER Teacher parochial school and precentor Baldwin, Wis., 1902 - 1903
TEACHER Hardis Creek and Beaver Creek Wis. 1903 - 1906
PASTOR Pastor Brooklyn N. Y. 1908 - 1913
PASTOR Hayward Minn. 1913 - 1924
PASTOR Worcester Mass. 1924 - 1927
PASTOR Brooklyn N. Y. 1927 - 1928

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Obit at left in Brooklyn Eagle, Feb. 3, 1939, p. 13. Available on line in New York State Historical Photos & Newspapers on the Old Fulton NY Post Card Website

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Døpte -- baptismal records -- Utarbeidet av Sarpsborg Historielag 4/12-2002 -- http://sarpsborghistorielag.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/dc3b8pte.pdf

Upcoming events at Clayville -- jam Saturday, Jan. 4, and tips for beginners Sat., Jan. 18 -- plus links to "Five Pounds of Possum (in my Headlights Tonight)"

Our first Saturday morning jam session in 2014 for dulcimers and -- all kinds of other instruments -- at Clayville Historic Site will be from 10 a.m. till noon Saturday, Jan 4. And two weeks from Saturday, we will have the first of two "Fake It Till You Make It" workshops for rank beginners -- and anyone else who wants to share a few tips on making music in a group or at a jam session.

Details below on the "Fake It Till You Make It" workshop, which is designed especially for beginning mountain dulcimer players who want to learn how to play with other instruments. All instruments are welcome, and all skill levels are welcome. It's part of the Clayville Pioneer Academy of Music, and we're not about teaching technique as much as sharing our knowledge and making music with each other.

But first, here are links to this Saturday's new song --

It's a bluegrass novelty number called "Five Pounds of Possum (in my Headlights Tonight)" that's been going around in the world of dulcimer clubs. I decided to introduce it at Clayville after I heard Michael Shull of Columbia, S.C., sing it last month at the Knoxville (Tenn.) Area Dulcimer Club's fall retreat in November. Shull, who is best known perhaps for for his Southern Gospel arrangements for dulcimer, brought a gospel singer's phrasing and a gentle humor to what is usually a pretty raucous show-stopper. Listen for the verse he adds about "manna from heaven" in this clip:

Michael Shull & Dave Holder, Five Pounds of Possum. Uploaded on Jan 10, 2011. Mountain dulcimer and autoharp player Michael Shull appeared at Red Bank United Methodist Church (Lexington, SC) on Sunday, January 9th, 2011 as part of the Music & Word service series.

The Dogwood Dulcimer Association of Pensacola, Fla., has tab in DAD and lyrics at:

http://rlwalker.gulfweb.net/dogwood/dogwood.html

"Five Pounds" is in the first column, about a quarter of the way down the page (which lists the songs in alphabetical order). They've got a lot of free tab, by the way. The Prairieland group in Springfield used their arrangement of "O Come All Ye Faithful" at this year's Advent soup supper gig, and were very happy with it.

UPCOMING EVENTS

-- Jamming Workshop: "Fake It Till You Make It." From 10 a.m. to noon Saturday, Jan. 18, in the barn at Clayville Historic Site. This two-hour will be like last year's workshops for beginning mountain dulcimer players, with more emphasis on learning tunes in a jam, strumming chords to tunes you don't know and how to learn where the notes are on a stringed instrument. If there is enough interest, we will hold more of these workshops later in the year.

-- Mike Anderson's 5th annual Winter Weekend. Feb. 21-23, in Chillicothe, on the Illinois River north of Peoria. Classes with nationally acclaimed mountain dulcimer players: Linda Brockinton, intermediate; Maureen Sellers, novice; and Mike, beginners'. More info on Mike's website at http://dulcimerguy.com/MA_MDW2010.htm.

-- Mike also offers individual mountain dulcimer lessons at his studio in Jacksonville -- and has tentative plans to offer group lessons in Springfield during the coming months (details to be announced as they are finalized). See Mike's lesson schedule on his website at http://dulcimerguy.com. FIVE POUNDS OF POSSUM

Tennessee Mafia Jug Band. Sept. 17, 2011, in concert at Franklin, Ky. Leroy Troy - banjo & scrubboard; Lonesome Lester - jug; Mike Armistead - guitar; Robert Gately - standup bass; Dan kelly - fiddle; Mike Webb - dobro.

Swedes in the Quad-Cities - misc notes

http://www.qcsymphony.com/press-releases.html?id=52 Quad City Symphony Orchestra

Swedes on the River May 19, 2013 Fiddlers and music lovers everywhere are invited to participate in a class and hear a performance by Swedish master folkfiddlers Örjan Hans-Ers and Görgen Antonsson at 6:00 p.m. at the River Music Experience in Davenport. Each of the musicians has been designated a Riksspelman by the government of King Carl XVI Gustaf, making them musical ambassadors of Sweden. Part of their charter is to educate youth in Sweden and elsewhere about the importance of folk music.

The fiddlers are part of a delegation that includes the governors of three Swedish provinces, who will present a panel discussion on issues related to sustainability earlier in the day, hosted by Augustana College and the City of Rock Island's Advanced Technology and Sustainability Consortium. Freewill donations will be accepted and split between the QCSO's youth programs and the Mauritzson Scholarship, which for more than half a century has brought students from Sweden to the Quad Cities to study at Augustana College.

The class starts at 6:00 p.m. The performance follows at 7:00. The suggested donation is $5 at the door.

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http://qconline.com/archives/qco/display.php?id=637801 Augustana College

Posted Online: May 10, 2013, 11:07 am
Comment on this story | Print this story | Email this story
Press release submitted by Augustana

Rock Island, Ill. – Three northern Swedish provincial governors, two university presidents and cultural representatives including folk fiddlers will make a Quad Cities area visit "in the trek of the immigrants" May 30-31. Two events associated with the tour on May 30, a program on energy and sustainability in Sweden and a musical performance, will be open to the public.

Participants include governors Barbro Holmberg of Gävleborg Province, Sweden´s former Minister of Migration; Britt Bohlin of Jämtland, a recognized national defense expert; and Bo Källstrand of Västernorrland, former head of Swedish Energy.

Also visiting will be university presidents Dr. Maj-Britt Johansson of Gävle Högskola, a forestry land use expert, and Dr. Anders Söderholm of Mittuniversitetet, a specialist in regional planning and development. Cultural representatives include national folkfiddlers (Riksspelmän) Görgen Antonsson and Örjan Hans-Ers, who is also manager of the Gävle Symphony Orchestra. Tourism directors Katarina Ceder Bång of Hälsingland and Mats Forslund of Jämtland also will participate in the tour, to speak about the cultural and natural history of their northern Swedish region, including the newly-named UNESCO World Heritage Hälsingland Farms. They will be accompanied by Jämtland provincial planner and tour organizer Olle Lundgren.

The governors will present a panel discussion, "Sustainability in Energy, Transportation & Tourism: The View from Sweden" as part of a colloquium hosted by Augustana College and the City of Rock Island's Advanced Technology and Sustainability Consortium. The colloquium will take place from 9-10 a.m. May 30 in Augustana's Hanson Hall of Science.

Bohlin's province of Jämtlands has become a leader in renewable energy, including hydroelectric, wind and biofuels. Holmberg took part in a forum last December in China on Eco-City Construction. She is a member of the Earth Charter Initiative.

Also on May 30, musicians Görgen Antonsson and Örjan Hans-Ers will visit the River Music Experience (RME) in Davenport to work with youth from the Quad City Symphony Orchestra and offer a 7 p.m. performance on the RME's Community Stage. In Sweden, the designation Riksspelman indicates a badge of mastery in folk music. Both Antonsson and Hans-Ers have achieved the national designation as folk fiddlers.

Suggested donations of $5 will be used by the American Scandinavian Association to fund the Mauritzson Scholarship, which helps to bring student from Sweden to study at Augustana.

On May 31, the delegation will visit the Jenny Lind Chapel at Andover, Ill., then continue to a public program at nearby Bishop Hill, and Galva, Ill., (sister city of Gävle, Sweden), home of famed Illinois primitive artist Olof Krans. Krans' paintings at the Bishop Hill Museum tell the story of early Swedish migration to western Illinois.

Their study tour will conclude June 1 with a program in north Chicago's Swedish-American Museum in the Andersonville neighborhood.

For more information, please contact Keri Rursch, director of public relations, at (309) 794-7721 or kerirursch@augustana.edu.

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Christina Johansson. "Swedish royal visits to Augustana and Illinois." Augustana College 150, 1860-2010. http://www.augustana.edu/x21935.xml. - Christina Johansson is Head of Library and Archival Services, Swenson Swedish Immigration Research Center

Because of their deep connections to Sweden and Swedish immigrants, Augustana College and the Quad Cities have enjoyed numerous visits by members of the Swedish royal family during the last 100 years.

Visits by royal family members include Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf's brief visit to the campus in 1927; Prince Bertil in 1948; King Carl Gustav XVI in April of 1976 followed by his sister Princess Desiree and her husband Count Niclas Silvershiold in May of 1976; a 1988 visit by Queen Silvia; and King Carl Gustav XVI and Queen Silvia in 1996.

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"History of First Lutheran." First Lutheran Church of Moline. http://firstlutheranmoline.org/history.html.

[church architecture reflects cultural changes]

On November 3, 1875 there was a unanimous vote to build a new brick church which would become the current building. A month later the building committee outlined the design: "The architecture will, on a whole, be simple and tasteful with good proportions without unnecessary cost and gaudiness yet not lacking the necessary adornment for proper style and strength so that it gives a definite impression of being a church and have a worshipful atmosphere." The cost of construction and furnishing was not to exceed $25,000 and, in fact, cost only slightly more.

The church was to some degree patterned after the Swedish Immanuel Lutheran Church in Chicago, rebuilt after the Great Chicago Fire. Uncharacteristic of a Swedish church, the ground floor provided accommodations for the parish school and pastor's office. The second floor housed the sanctuary, which was five-aisled with pews occupying nearly every square inch. The need for seating was so great that a complete u-shaped balcony was added. These seating arrangements were also not characteristic of Swedish churches nor was the gothic style of the windows. But very Swedish was the barrel ceiling in the nave and chancel and the semicircular shape of the frescoes, the doorways, and even the hymn boards. The altar painting, an Ascension scene, was also very ethnic. The rest of the chancel was not, consisting of a small communion table below a large dominating pulpit. This represented the contemporary style in American Protestant churches; being designed as great preaching halls for pulpit princes.

In 1918 the chancel was redesigned to include a massive high altar to reflect the increasing sacramental and liturgical development in the Augustana Synod. Still an over-sized pulpit was retained, but to the side of the altar. Years later another contemporary design was effected with the building of a communion table placed in front of the altar so the pastor could face the congregation when celebrating the Eucharist. Since then, the church has housed a liturgically accented congregation. Also in that year the name was changed to First Lutheran Church.

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HISTORY First Covenant Church of Moline (written in 2003 by Rev. James R. Lundell, Pastor Emeritus) http://www.firstcovenantmoline.org/history.htm

In February of 1876, a number of Swedish immigrants gathered together to discuss if there was a need to build a Swedish Lutheran church in the west end of Moline. The question was answered in the affirmative.

There were two basic factors that drew these people together. One was a powerful revival movement of the Holy Spirit that spread over Sweden for many years. Lives were changed and the presence of God was evidenced with power and sincere conversion. The other factor was the immigration of many Swedish young people to America. The church backgrounds of these immigrants were varied and this group wanted to organize a "pure Swedish Evangelical Lutheran church free from any synod or outward control". The name chosen for this new fellowship was "The Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Gustav Adolphus Church of Moline, Illinois". Soon a building was erected on the corner of 4th Avenue and 3rd Street and dedicated on July 9, 1876. Fourteen years later, the congregation voted to request membership in the Swedish Evangelical Mission Covenant Church

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• Moline Swedish Friendship Association https://sites.google.com/site/molineswedishfriendship/

• Swedish-American Research Material Preserved by Lennart Setterdahl https://sites.google.com/site/lennartsetterdahl/home

Swedes in the upper Midwest - "North Coast creoles?"

... as I have said somewhere else, when you take an intellectual ride on a metaphor, it is important that you know where to get off. -- Ulf Hannerz ("Flows …" 6).

Map based on census figures showing highest percentages in Illinois in Mercer, Henry, Warren and Knox and Winnebago and Boone. Nationally the highest percentages are in Minnesota and Michigan's upper peninsula.

File:Swedish Americans 2000 Census.svg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Swedish_Americans_2000_Census.svg.

Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.

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James P. Leary, Polkabilly: How the Goose Island Ramblers Redefined American Folk Music. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.

In their introduction to an issue of the Journal of American Folklore devoted to the topic, editors Robert Baron and Ann C. Cara declare, "Creolization is cultural creativity in process." ... Baron and Cara go on to enumerate distinctly creole musical forms ("jazz, salsa, calypso ... the tango, the mambo, the samba"), while they and fellow contributors located creolization in tropical climes where European traders, soldiers, missionaries, and colonizers encountered African, Arab, and East and American Indian peoples -- implicitly suggesting that cultural fermentation occurs only amid extreme heat and humidity.

Surely their "cultural and critical lens" would neither fog up nor freeze if refocused to include the Upper Midwest. Here, putatively superior Anglo-American elites were never completely successful in forcing the assimilation of supposedly inferior Woodland Indian and European immigrant peoples. Here, musical interactions have long been distinguished by egalitarianism, by freewheeling accommodation and blending across complex boundaries. Here reside North Coast creoles. … (12)

http://hogfiddle.blogspot.com/2013/05/creolization-cultural-hydridity-misc.html

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Ulf Hannerz, "Flows, Boundaries and Hybrids: Keywords in Transnational Anthropology." Published in Portugese as "Fluxos, fronteiras, hibrids: palavras-chave da antropologia transnacional" Mana (Rio de Janeiro), 3(1): 7-39, 1997. http://www.transcomm.ox.ac.uk/working%20papers/hannerz.pdf

Anyway, here we are now, with hybridity, collage, mélange, hotchpotch, synergy, bricolage, creolization, mestizaje, mongrelization, syncretism, transculturation, third cultures and what have you; some terms used perhaps only in passing as summary metaphors, others with claims to more analytical status, and others again with more regional or thematic strongholds. Mostly they seem to suggest a concern with cultural form, cultural products (and conspicuously often, they relate to domains of fairly tangible cultural materials, such as language, music, art, ritual or cuising); some appear more concerned with process than others. [13]

Also, this:

Once I had started thinking in flow terms here, it occurred to me as I continued to look at variations in the organization of culture that this worked rather well as a root metaphor, in the sense of leading on to further elaborations. Not only does the idea of flow stand in opposition to static thought. It implies, moreover, that we may think of mighty rivers and tiny rivulets, separate currents as well as confluences, "whirlpools" (according to Barth, above), even leaks and viscosity in the flow of meaning. Yet as I have said somewhere else, when you take an intellectual ride on a metaphor, it is important that you know where to get off. If for some purposes you find it useful to think about culture as flow, then, no need to believe it is a substance you can pour into bottles. [6]

The metaphor here is cultural "flow," which Hannerz defines (more or less!) like this: "… the term has become transdisciplinary, a way of referring to things not staying in their places, to mobility and expansion of many kinds, to globalization along many dimensions" (4).

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North Coast? What's that?

There's a North Coast Festival on Chicago's North Side, which Wikipedia describes, with links, as "an annual electronic music festival held over Labor Day weekend in Chicago at Union Park." Official website at

http://www.northcoastfestival.com.

Seems to be in general use as a synonym for the Great Lakes States or the upper Midwest, though.

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Kyle Nabilcy "A new way of looking at Midwestern eats in James Norton's The Secret Atlas of North Coast Food." Isthmus [Madison, Wis.] Dec. 13, 2013. http://www.thedailypage.com/daily/article.php?article=41622.

There's some contention about whether the Upper Midwest needs rebranding as the "North Coast," largely around the precise coordinates. Schools in Indiana, Ohio and Pennsylvania comprise the Division III North Coast Athletic Conference, and Brookings Institute scholar John Austin wrote a paper in 2007 about preserving America's North Coast, though he never really defines the term.

Enter The Heavy Table, a Minneapolis-based online food magazine. Founded in 2009, it has been dedicated to charting the ebbs and flows of dining in the Upper Midwest -- mostly the Twin Cities, but the rest of Minnesota as well adjacent states, including Wisconsin and Iowa. Madison native James Norton is the founding editor and his wife, Becca Dilley, is a founding photographer whose work has appeared in many media outlets.

If the team behind Heavy Table has its way, "North Coast" may yet come to refer to the aforementioned three states, thanks to its new book, The Secret Atlas of North Coast Food. The book was funded via a successful Kickstarter campaign (of which I was a proud backer), and Norton held a Madison launch party at Kitchen Gallery on Thursday night to celebrate the book's release. Local contributors John Kovalic, Lindsay Christians, and Sean Weitner were also in attendance, with the delicious wares of Barriques, Batch Bakehouse, Calliope Ice Cream, Candinas, and Wisco Pop ringing the bustling atrium that housed the event.

Though everything was as tasty as you'd expect -- Batch baguettes, Brandy Old Fashioned and Hot Peanut Butter ice creams from Calliope -- Barriques in particular really brought its A-game, with both chocolate-covered bacon and an innovative hot coffee punch spiked with black pepper and ginger. It wasn't clear if the two were meant to be consumed in concert, but the pairing definitely worked. The crowd swelled to fill the space between Kitchen Gallery and Context by an hour into the party, and Norton was in heavy demand, both handing out Kickstarter backer copies and autographing them on request.

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http://heavytable.com http://heavytable.com food magazine based in Minneapolis -- "We are interested in small, neighborhood restaurants; ethnic eateries with a story to tell; great home cooking; Upper Midwestern culinary traditions; stuff that’s hilarious; recipes that work; recipes that fail spectacularly; current events; local food; heirloom food; and people at all levels of the food creation, preparation, distribution and consumption chain."

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John C. Austin, Soren Anderson, Paul N. Courant, and Robert E. Litan. America’s North Coast: A Benefit-Cost Analysis of a Program to Protect and Restore the Great Lakes. Ann Arbor: Council of Great Lakes Industries, 2007. http://www.healthylakes.org/site_upload/upload/America_s_North_Coast_Report_07.pdf

This report focuses on one area of the United States—the counties bordering on America’s five Great Lakes—that is all too easily overlooked during an era when most population growth in the country is centered on either of its coasts. Specifically, it focuses on the costs and benefits of enacting a major multi-state, multi-year strategy to preserve and further improve the quality of the Great Lakes themselves as part of a larger strategy to attract and retain highly skilled individuals and related economic activity in and to the region.4

* * *

This report follows an earlier report also published by the Metropolitan Policy Program at the Brookings Institution, The Vital Center, which described the history and importance of the Great Lakes region to American society and to the U.S. economy.5 There were about 84 million people living in the Great Lakes states in 2000, based on data from the U.S. Census. About 24 million, or 28 percent, of these live in the Great Lakes basin.6

Notes

[4] These lakes include Lake Erie, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, Lake Ontario, and Lake Superior.

[5] In this report, “the Great Lakes Basin” refers to the geographic areas in close proximity to the Great Lakes, including portions of the states that border on the Great Lakes— Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York. These states, plus the eastern portion of Iowa, West Virginia, Missouri, and Kentucky, were defined as the Great Lakes Region in Brookings’ earlier report on the Great Lakes. See The Brookings Institution Metropolitan Policy Program, The Vital Center: A Federal-State Compact to Renew the Great Lakes Region (Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 2006).

[6] Derived from http://www.great- lakes.net/envt/flora-fauna/ people.html.

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Urban Dictionary -- http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=North%20Coast

1. North Coast

The areas that are near a great lake in the Midwest/NE region. It is also sometimes referred to as the Mid East of America. This area is a sub-region of the Midwest. It is a very urban area. Major Cities on the North Coast include: Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Milwaukee, and Buffalo(All Great Cities). Cleveland is sometimes referred to as the North Coast. Specifically, the North Coast is the area in the Midwest/NE that is within 60 miles of a Great Lake(small area, but much better than the rest of the Midwest). The North Coast doesnt like to be confused with the redneck, hillbilly, tornadic Midwest.

You have the East Coast, West Coast, Gulf Coast (Southern Coast), and the North Coast. Any area that isnt in any of these regions is full of rednecks and people who gave up on their dreams. The North Coast is much different from the rest of the Midwest.

On the 2nd day of Christmas -- Calvin & Hobbes' wager and "Fairytale of New York" on the Feast of Stephen

Some Yuletide cheer on what's already the second day of Christmas …

Arianna Rebolini of BuzzFeed, the entertainment website, has "The 24 Most Valuable Christmas Lessons From Calvin And Hobbes" from the most consistently philosophical comic strip of the 1990s -- perhaps ever. (She adds a 25th: "Santa’s watching.")

Among them is something I'd call Calvin's wager. Scroll down to No. 12, "So it’s good to keep up a level of pragmatism …," and you'll see it as Calvin explains:

"I've decided I do believe in Santa Claus, no matter how preposterous he sounds. … I want presents, lots of presents. Why risk not getting them over a matter of belief? Heck, I'll believe anything they want."

Calvin's wager has nothing to do with the Reformation-era French theologian, of course. But it's a distinct echo of "Pascal's Wager," developed by 17th-century French mathematician Blaise Paschal. As paraphrased by Wikipedia, Paschal posits that "humans all bet with their lives either that God exists or does not exist. Given the possibility that God actually does exist and assuming the infinite gain or loss associated with belief in God or with unbelief, a rational person should live as though God exists and seek to believe in God. If God does not actually exist, such a person will have only a finite loss (some pleasures, luxury, etc.)."

And here, with no reason for being in the same post other than the Christmas season, is an item in the Irish Mirror tabloid of Dublin, quoting frontman Shane McGowan of the Pogues on the origin of "Fairytale of New York" ... which I sometimes think is the best piece of seasonal music since Bach's Christmas Oratorio.

“I’m very grateful to Christ and his Holy Mother and Joseph and all the saints, including my family who have passed on, for the success of Fairytale,” McGowan told the

He also credited Kirsty MacColl, who shared the duet with him in the 1987 video: "I don’t think it would have been such a big hit without her contribution." :

... “It’s a good song – it’s a great song – I’d never get tired of it.

“But I can’t really get excited about it any more and for a while it used to depress me to sing it after Kristy died [in a 2000 boating accident] but now I think of it as a tribute to her.”

Official video for the The Pogues Featuring Kirsty MacColl - Fairytale of New York. RhinoUK bills it as: "Arguably the greatest Christmas song of all time!" Wikipedia concurs: "It has been cited as the best Christmas song of all time in various television, radio and magazine related polls in the UK and Ireland," citing a 2004 poll of all-time Christmas hits by British music TV channel VH1.

Finally, today is St. Stephen's Day. What better way to observe it than to commemorate what Good King Wenceslas said and did when he looked out upon the Feast of Stephen, "When the snow lay round about, / deep and crisp and even."

Turns out the melody comes from Piae Cantiones (1582), and it was a typically Scandinavian song about the coming of spring -- "Tempus adest floridum" ("The time is near for flowering"), first published in the Finnish song collection in 1582. Wikipedia has lyrics in Latin and English.

Here's the Christmas carol --

Good King Wenceslas York Minster 1995. The full English cathedral choir treatment with solos by baritone and boy soprano, organ and soaring descant on the last verse.

Midnight mass in Bethlehem

Some coverage of this year's Catholic services in Bethlehem … with about a three-second clip in the Associated Press story of a response from the Celtic Mass by Fintan O'Carroll & Christopher Walker, the same service music we sang back at St. Joe's when I was in the choir at Springfield College in Illinois -- how cool is that!

Thousands Gather for Mass in Bethlehem. By Associated Press. "A packed house at the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem Tuesday night as Archbishop Fouad Twal led the midnight mass …" The Celtic Alleluia is about 0:09 seconds in.

According to AP reporter Mohammed Daraghmeh, Palestinian Authority dignitaries greeted Twal at the entrance to Bethlehem, probably the same checkpoint we went through on the way to Jerusalem. "His motorcade crawled through the town's narrow streets as he stopped to shake hands and greet the throngs of visitors," Daraghmeh said. "It took him nearly 90 minutes to make the short trip to celebrate Midnight Mass at the Church of the Nativity compound."

Hundreds of people packed the Church of the Nativity compound for the service in St. Catherine's, the 19th-century Catholic church adjacent to the sixth-century Greek Orthodox basilica. Among them: Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas, the European Union's foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton, and Jordanian Foreign Minister Nasser Judeh. Daraghmeh quoted at length from the homily:

"The message of Christmas is a message of peace, love and brotherhood. We have to be brothers with each other," said Latin Patriarch Fouad Twal, the top Roman Catholic cleric in the Holy Land, as he arrived in town.

And this ...

In his homily, Twal addressed Abbas, telling the president he prays for a "just and equitable solution" for the Palestinians. Twal, himself a Palestinian, also expressed sympathy for the plight of the Palestinians, particularly families with relatives imprisoned by Israel or those who have suffered as a result of the conflict with Israel.

"The world is living through a long night of wars, destruction, fear, hate, racism and, at the present time, cold and snow," he said. Lamenting strife in Africa, Asia and the Middle East, he also urged worshippers "not to forget our own problems here: the prisoners and their families who hope for their release, the poor who have lost their land and their homes demolished, families waiting to be reunited, those out of work and all who suffer from the economic crisis."

Yet Twal called on people not to despair. "We are invited to be optimistic and to renew our faith that this land, home of the three monotheistic religions, will one day become a haven of peace for all people," he said.

"Oh Holy Child, God of goodness and mercy, look with kindness on the Holy Land and on our people who live in Palestine, in Israel, in Jordan and all the Middle East. Grant them the gift of reconciliation so that they may all be brothers — sons of one God," he said.

Christmas midnight mass in Bethlehem 2013: Gloria. Longer video posted today by the Magnificat Institute, School of Music, Monastery of Saint Saviour, New Gate, Old City, P.O.Box 186, Jerusalem 91001. It was established in 1995 by decision of the Chapter of the Franciscan Custody of the Holy Land. Published on Dec 25, 2013 Featuring: H. E. Fouad Twal, Patriarch of Latins, Mr. Mahmud Abbas, Palestinian President, Magnificat Custody and Yasmeen Choir, Mrs. Hania Sabbara, director, Fr. Armando Pierucci, organist and composer.

Archbishop Parker's Psalter, Bishop Ken and "Tallis' Evening Hymn"

D R A F T

Found while I was looking for something else --

An explanation of where one of my favorite obscure 19th-century English melodies came from … it's "Tallis' Evening Hymn," a highly ornamented version of the Tallis Canon that I first saw in a Primitive Baptist hymnal 15 or 20 years ago.

Excerpt eBooks version of

The Hymnal 1982 Companion, Volume 1 edited by Raymond F. Glover

TALLIS' CANON / THE EIGHTH TUNE

in Ravenscroft - then Smith and Prellieur, Harmonious Companion (London, 1732), in G "and with a figured bass for good measure" -- first appears w/ Bishop Ken's text

… The early Methodists took up the tune, and with the canon forgotten, it evolved rather like a folk song, collecting ornamentation along the way, until in the early nineteenth century it was to be found in almost every tune book, while on the church barrel-organs it was second only to the OLD 100TH in popularity. It was no longer Tallis; but it could be a stately companion for Ken's matchless hymn, as for example in the small collection published by John Goss in 1827 for Chelsea Parish Church, London, where he was organist before his appointment to St. Paul's Cathedral …

In H82 the editors have sought to put the clock further back by introducing modal harmony with a selection of F naturals based on Tallis's. It will be interesting to learn whether congregations find this effective. (50)

cites N. Temperley, Musical Times, 112 (1971): 375-76. -- facsimile on p. 51

Tallis' canon is the eighth of nine psalm settings in Archbishop Parker's Psalter, commissioned by Queen Elizabeth's archbishop of Canterbury. An unadorned masterpiece of his Protestant period.

Here's the Byrd Ensemble, a West Coast professional early music troupe, singing Tallis' "Nine Psalm Tunes for Archbishop Parker's Psalter" at Holy Rosary Church in Seattle, Wash., May 9, 2008. The eighth tune begins at 6:07.

The Byrd Ensemble sings Tallis - Tunes for Archbishop Parker's Psalter

And a BBC documentary on Thomas Tallis and other Tudor-era musicians I hope I'll have time for one day …

Sacred Music Series Episode 3: Byrd & Tallis: Singing the Lord's song in a strange land. Archbishop Matthew Parker's psalms at 18:25. The same collection serves as the basis of Ralph Vaughan Williams' Fantasia on a Theme by Tallis.

Christmas in Bethlehem -- video of Scout parades and Orthodox service in the Church of the Nativity [also a clip of the Noble Joseph sung at Good Friday service in North Carolina]

Some video of Christmas in Bethlehem that I hadn't seen before, beginning with this year's Christmas tree lighting … also a clip of the Noble Joseph, an Orthodox hymn I especially like that I surfed into while looking for Church of the Nativity pix.

Christmas in Bethlehem 2013. Posted by 4D MEDIA2013. [Lighting of the Christmas tree, a tourist event and pop-rock concert in Manger Square, Dec. 1.]

Posted today on the Times of Israel website - "Are Bethlehem’s Christians losing grip on their city?" By Debra Kamin, features writer for Times:

Bethlehem Mayor Vera Baboun is concerned.

It’s nearly Christmas, but the leader of this famed little town – the first female to ever hold the role – says that tourists are not flocking to the events in the packed calendar she and her team have prepared for the month of December. In a bid to jumpstart the city’s most lucrative season, she launched Christmas early this year, lighting the massive tree at the center of Manger Square on December 1 and unveiling a packed four weeks of music, art and cultural happenings.

But despite Bethlehem’s critical role in the story of Christmas and the life of Jesus, its shrinking Christian community this year is experiencing a rather lackluster holiday.

And so on.

Kamin also quotes Samir Qumsieh, an evangelical Christian broadcaster of Beit Sahour, on "Muslim extremism" and low Christian birthrate in West Bank. Adds some demographics I wasn't aware of:

Bethlehem is part of a trio of towns, including Beit Jala and Beit Sahour, that locals refer to as “the Triangle.” Taken together, they comprise 70,000 residents, and Christians still maintain a majority. But in Bethlehem they are barely one-third of the population, their ranks having been severely depleted by the Christian exodus during the worst years of the Second Intifada.

Cf. three videos by YouTube user David Lanier

Published on Dec 26, 2012. Some video of Scout troops playing mostly British and American carols as they march through Bethlehem up to Manger Square and the arrival of the Latin Patriarch on Christmas Eve Day 2012. [Shows Scout bands marching, to Manger Square ca. 22:00, arrival of dignitaries outside Holy Nativity ca. 28:00.

Orthodox Christmas in Bethlehem. Published on Jan 9, 2013. Celebrations and Festivities of the arrival of His Beatitude, Theophilos, Patriarch of Jerusalem, Israel, Palestine, and Jordan to Manger Square in Bethlehem and the service of the Blessing of Loaves in the Church of the Nativity. [Shows parade through downtown Bethlehem streets, manger square ca. 14:50, blessing ceremony (?) w/ loaves at iconostasis beginning ca. 33:49.]

Walking through Bethlehem to the Church of the Nativity. Published on Jul 3, 2012. A little footage walking through the market section of old Bethlehem down into Manger Square and into the Church of the Nativity. [Opening footage outside Christmas Lutheran Church! Follows through streets to Manger Square.

The Noble Joseph. Holy Friday at Holy Cross Orthodox Church, High Point, N.C. Published on Apr 15, 2012 The noble Joseph, taking down thy most pure Body from the Tree,
wrapped it in clean linen and sweet spices and laid it in a new tomb.
But on the third day thou didst rise, O Lord, granting the world great mercy.

Placing of the Epitaphios in the tomb.

Prairieland Strings -- "Sumer Is Icumen In," so let's start getting ready ** UPDATED ** w/ sheet music per original ms. in standard notation

You've got to trust me on this one -- I didn't plan it that I'd start looking for video clips of "Sumer Is Icumin In" on the same day as the winter solstice. Yeah, yeah, it's the day when the seasons change and the six-month progression back to summer begins anew. So it fits. But it just worked out that way.

At our next session of the Prairieland Strings dulcimer (and other instruments!) club, on Tuesday, Jan. 7, we hope to have sheet music, in parts, for "Sumer Is Icumin In" (summer is a-coming in), and I think we can have a lot of fun with it.

"Sumer Is Icumin In" is known to us from a manuscript in the Harleian collection in the British Library (picture at left Creative Commons). It has been dated to 1260 and it's been aptly described as the oldest popular hit in the English repertory. When British singer-songwriter Richard Thompson included it in his 1,000 Years of Popular Music" concerts, Sacramento's alternative News & Review suggested the "13th-century ballad" was "perhaps a monkish pop hit in its day." But back in the UK, the Guardian flatly proclaimed it was a "13th-century smash hit." It's been covered over the years in a wide variety of settings, including the elaborately choreographed opening ceremonies at the 1972 Olympics in Munich.

As it's usually performed by classical musicians and early music consorts, "Sumer Is Icumin In" is a complicated piece of a cappella choral music -- with a round, or canon, sung over a refrain called a "pes" (from a medieval dog-Latin word for the foot) that sounds a lot like a two-note drone. Wikipedia describes it asa "six-voice round (four in melody, two in 'pes')." [See definitions #1 and #2 in footnotes below.] But it lends itself to a wide variety of other arrangements and interpretations. Richard Thompson, for example, performs it as a duet accompanied by his guitar and an insistent snare drum. And it's a perfect tune for mountain dulcimer, especially played on one string with the drones ringing free.

Video clips are linked below, including the dulcimer solo. Look them over and see if there are some ideas you'd like to see us copy for the Prairieland Strings.

Of all the versions on Youtube, I think the one that comes closest to capturing a little bit of the improvisatory spirit of secular medieval music is a performance by the Argentinian early music group Laudate Dominus for a medieval literature class in the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters at the University of Buenos Aires.

I coloquio joven Literatura Europea Medieval de la UBA. Desafíos. Uploaded Nov. 22, 2013 by Laudate Dominus. "Invitadas por la cátedra de Literatura Europea Medieval, fuimos a tocar un sábado ¡a las 10.30hs de la mañana! No sólo tuvimos un muy buen público, si no que además era muy afinado. Ésta es la muestra." [Invited by the Chair of Medieval European literature, we were playing a Saturday at 10.30am in the morning! Not only had a very good audience, but it also was very refined. This is the sample. Trans. by Google.]

Another coincidence: Just this week -- Wednesday, Dec. 18, to be exact -- Laudate Dominus announced on its Facebook page at www.facebook.com/laudatedominum, "You can now order our first album on CD on Amazon.com. It´s not the same edition that the one we have here in Buenos Aires, but one made by Amazon. It´s a great Christmas present!!!!"

Here's another approach. Of particular interest, perhaps, to our mountain dulcimer players.

Sumer Is Icumen In - Solo Mountain Dulcimer. YouTube user Jim Edwards, July 2013. "DAd tuning - drone/melody style." It was posted also to the Friends of the Mountain Dulcimer website.

Richard Thompson in concert … he used it to open his 1000 Years … act

Published on Oct 4, 2012 26.05.2012, Moscow International House of Music. Ensemble Pfeyffer (old German word for piper), early music consort

Published on Jul 26, 2012 Nashville, Tenn. Sumer is icumin in, anonymous English canon c. 1260 performed by the Nashville School of Arts Early Music Consort, Walter Bitner, director. May 1, 2012, The Polk Theater, Tennessee Performing Arts Center, Nashville, Tennessee. www.nsachoirs.org www.walterbitner.com.

__________

Footnotes (but only for those of us who like footnotes).

[1] Wikipedia at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumer_Is_Icumen_In describes it like this: "A rota is a type of round, which in turn is a kind of partsong. To perform the round, one singer begins the song, and a second starts singing the beginning again just as the first got to the point marked with the red cross in the first figure below. The length between the start and the cross corresponds to the modern notion of a bar, and the main verse comprises six phrases spread over twelve such bars. In addition, there are two lines marked 'Pes', two bars each, that are meant to be sung together repeatedly underneath the main verse. These instructions are included (in Latin) in the manuscript itself."

[2] The ORB: Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies - Medieval Music Glossary has definitions for pes, canon, cans and other terms at http://the-orb.net/encyclop/culture/music/orbgloss.html. Another term we should know as dulcimer players is drone, which it defines as "an unchanging pitch that is held beneath a melody and so serves as an aural reference point. Drones are added by modern-day performers to some pieces (e.g. to Hildegard's music or to troubadour-trouvère repertory). Medieval notation never indicates where a drone should be used or what pitch it should hold, so performers must use their good judgement." Lots of drones in "Sumer Is Icumin In" and lots of drones on a mountain dulcimer played right.

---

UPDATE Feb. 21, 2014. Email I sent today after Prairieland club finally met after being snowed out since December:

Hi Judy --

We're going to have a lot of fun with "Sumer Is Icumen In" when we finally get together!

Debi and I were the only ones at last night's session, so she was banging it out on the piano and I was on lap dulcimer while we went back and forth from the melody to rhythm parts on your tab. Once we got the hang of the "pes" or bass part, it was like having a metronome!

BTW, I found a PDF file that approximates the original but in standard notation (in F). You may have already seen it, but here's the URL ...

http://www2.cpdl.org/wiki/images/b/ba/Anon-cucu.pdf

And here's a link to the public domain directory where I found it ...

http://www2.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Sumer_is_icumen_in_(Anonymous)

It's the first item in the directory -- by Christopher Upton and it's available under a Creative Commons license (click on the little PDF logo). I found it last night after the session, when I was looking for something with the lyrics -- since I play by ear, it's easier for me to learn a new tune if I sing it before I try playing it. I'm of a generation that still had to memorize the prologue to "Canterbury Tales," so I found the words pretty easy to pronounce.

-- Pete